§1 1987 Constitution — anchor facts
| Topic | Rule | Where |
|---|---|---|
| President | 6-year term, no re-election; at least 40 years old | Art. VII, Secs. 2 & 4 |
| Vice-President | 6-year term; max two consecutive terms | Art. VII, Sec. 4 |
| Senators | 24 members; 6-year term; max two consecutive terms; at least 35 | Art. VI, Secs. 2–4 |
| House members | 3-year term; max three consecutive terms; at least 25 | Art. VI, Secs. 6–7 |
| Supreme Court | Chief Justice + 14 Associate Justices | Art. VIII, Sec. 4 |
| Martial law | Not exceeding 60 days unless extended by Congress | Art. VII, Sec. 18 |
| Impeachment | House initiates; Senate tries | Art. XI, Sec. 3 |
| Constitutional Commissions | CSC, COMELEC, COA | Art. IX |
| Bill of Rights | Article III | Art. III |
§2 RA 6713 — Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
§3 Peace and human rights
§4 Environment laws to know
Art. II, Sec. 16 recognises the right to a balanced and healthful ecology. The writ of kalikasan (Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases, 2010) covers damage affecting two or more cities or provinces.
| Law | Title |
|---|---|
| RA 8749 | Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 |
| RA 9003 | Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 |
| RA 9275 | Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 |
| RA 9729 | Climate Change Act of 2009 |
| RA 10121 | Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 |
§5 Worked examples
Example 1
A citizen's request letter reached your office on a Monday. By when must you act on it under RA 6713?
- Sec. 5(a) sets 15 working days from receipt.
- Count working days only — weekends and holidays are excluded.
Answer Within 15 working days of receipt
! Common traps
- Confusing the Commission on Human Rights with the Article IX Constitutional Commissions.
- Mixing up the term limits: Senators two consecutive terms, House members three.
- Memorising RA numbers without titles; questions usually give one and ask for the other.
Coverage sources: Examination Announcement No. 03, s. 2026; Examination Advisory No. 10, s. 2026